Vutivi
  • Business
    Small-scale poultry farmers are set to benefit from a Rainbow Chicken initiative that includes the handing out of 100 chicks to boost their businesses. Photo. Wikipedia

    New initiative hatches growth for small-scale poultry farmers

    The 2025 festive season confirmed that cashless commerce is no longer a trend but a structural feature of the economy. Photo. Standard Bank

    Festive spending shows double digit growth in cashless payments

    Small business traders like hawkers at the Tshakhuma Market in Limpopo are now left to carry the costs of the damages resulting from the floods. Photo. Limpopo Tourism Agency\Facebook

    Informal traders and SMEs carry huge losses after flooding

    Small businesses say access to equipment funding remains one of the biggest barriers to growth.

    SMEs assess reopened asset assist plan as funding gap persists

    Livestock stokvels are taking off as people seek to escape the cost of rising food prices. Photo. Lucas Ledwaba\Mukurukuru Media

    Livestock stokvels emerge amidst rising food prices

    Profit and not size is key for red meat producers

    Washed-out infrastructure in flood-hit provinces restricts access to tourism routes, contributing to cancellations and revenue losses for SMEs. Photo: Internet

    Tourism SMEs seek urgent relief after floods crisis

    Grass cutting and tree trimming are no longer casual weekend jobs - they are now a viable pathway to entrepreneurship, with growing demand driven by urbanisation, institutional contracts, and homeowner expectations. Photo. Garden Services Gauteng

    Grass and tree cutting now a lucrative entrepreneurial pathway

    Sixteen-year-old entrepreneur Bokgoni Nonyane at the graduation of the City of Johannesburg’s Export Development and Capacitation Programme.
Photo: Supplied

    Joburg teen entrepreneur bags export licence to global markets

    Funeral parlours now offer extra packages that include after-tears-parties to attract clients. Photo. Twitter/X

    Funeral parlours add after-tears packages to boost businesses

  • Agriculture
    Small-scale poultry farmers are set to benefit from a Rainbow Chicken initiative that includes the handing out of 100 chicks to boost their businesses. Photo. Wikipedia

    New initiative hatches growth for small-scale poultry farmers

    Milk production drops as the foot-and-mouth outbreak pushes prices higher. Photo: allaboutfeed.net

    Milk and meat prices soar and farmers count costs as FMD spreads

    Livestock stokvels are taking off as people seek to escape the cost of rising food prices. Photo. Lucas Ledwaba\Mukurukuru Media

    Livestock stokvels emerge amidst rising food prices

    Profit and not size is key for red meat producers

    Cattle farmers in affected provinces are holding animals longer as foot-and-mouth disease movement controls continue to restrict market access.

    Foot-and-mouth curbs push small-scale farmers to the brink

    Kenya is leading the charge in promoting biogas technology as a renewable energy source. Photo. Go Green East Africa

    Biogas emerges as opportunity for small scale farmers

    Farmers in Vhembe district of Limpopo are pleading for help after floods destroyed their crops. Facebook

    Farmers plead for help after floods destroy their crops

    Farmers battle rising waters and losses as heavy rains damage fields and livelihoods. Photo: Steffen Schneider

    Flood disaster deepens crisis for small-scale farmers

  • Innovation
    Innovative building technologies (IBTs) are set to transform South Africa’s housing sector while opening new opportunities for SMEs. Photo. Dept of  Human Settlements

    Innovative building technologies to unlock opportunities for SMEs

    Funeral parlours now offer extra packages that include after-tears-parties to attract clients. Photo. Twitter/X

    Funeral parlours add after-tears packages to boost businesses

    A new app helps school leavers find vacancies at varsities and relevant courses. Photo. Wits University

    Innovative entrepreneur’s app helps students access varsity

    Township-based tutoring businesses are emerging as an important and fast-growing support system. Photo. CPD Online College

    Back-to-school rush boosts township tutoring businesses

    DSTI's Director-General Dr Mlungisi Cele and CSIR CEO Dr Thulani Dlamini during the launch of CSIR's Hot Isostatic Press facility. Photo: CSIR

    New CSIR facility opens advanced manufacturing access for SMEs

    A locally developed point-of-care diagnostic test for foot and mouth disease (FMD) is expected to strengthen business continuity in South Africa’s livestock sector. Photo. Stellenbosch University

    Foot and mouth diagnostic innovation offers relief for farmers

    CSIR robotics experts Dr Sunveer Matadin (white shirt) and community health worker and disability consultant Ruth Stubbs with the Buddy4Life cerebral palsy prototype device, 26 November 2025.

    Science research body seeks SME support for new health product

    eNL Mutual Bank is a new entrant in the banking sector.

    Women owned mutual bank enters banking sector

    Import dependent SMEs hope RMB payments will reduce delays and exchange rate losses.

    RMB payments set to improve import trade for SMEs

    South Africa’s tourism sector is positioning itself for a more tech-driven future following the launch of a Smart Tourism Visitor Information Centre (VIC) at OR Tambo International Airport.

    ORT airport digital centre gives SMEs exposure

  • Finance
    The 2025 festive season confirmed that cashless commerce is no longer a trend but a structural feature of the economy. Photo. Standard Bank

    Festive spending shows double digit growth in cashless payments

    Zelma Matinise is the sixth woman to become a Sorbet franchise owner through the Bidvest Bank Sorbet-Preneur iniative.

Photo: Supplied

    Sorbet-Preneur model unlocking SME ownership for women

    Cattle farmers in affected provinces are holding animals longer as foot-and-mouth disease movement controls continue to restrict market access.

    Foot-and-mouth curbs push small-scale farmers to the brink

    A student accommodation in Soshanguve Block H that assists students who are still struggling to get access to school residence

    Township property owners make good business from student rentals

    South African Reserve Bank Governor Lesetja Kganyago stated that the new 3% inflation target has enabled the country to enter a low-inflation environment.

    South Africa’s 3% inflation target could offer stability for SMEs

    Experts advise SMEs to keep a clean financial record to secure loans. Photo. Banking Association of SA

    Experts warn SMEs about lack of understanding of bank fees

    Santam’s London launch marks significant shift for SA’s insurer

    Small businesses anticipate steady economic gains in 2026

    Rising tax pressure puts SMEs under strain ahead of 2026 budget

    eNL Mutual Bank is a new entrant in the banking sector.

    Women owned mutual bank enters banking sector

  • Tourism
    Washed-out infrastructure in flood-hit provinces restricts access to tourism routes, contributing to cancellations and revenue losses for SMEs. Photo: Internet

    Tourism SMEs seek urgent relief after floods crisis

    Hotel 247 meets European buyers. Hotel 247 director Khosi Mthalane said the programme is offering rare exposure to international buyers and strengthening confidence among participating SMEs.

    Tourism roadshow opens European market for local operators.

    A German couple hosted by Shepherd Tourism Tours in Bloemfontein on the 10th of January 2026, showcasing the Free State as a province to go to, not a province to go through.

    Tourism SMEs seek to beat off season blues

    Sandton Convention Centre stands ready to host Meetings Africa 2026, positioning Johannesburg at the centre of Africa’s business events dialogue.

    Africa’s tourism sector calls for impact at Meetings Africa

    Township taverns are seeing a drop in match-day crowds. Photo: issuu.com

    Entertainment SMEs running on empty after Bafana’s Afcon exit

    Tourism entrepreneurs close 2025 with cautious optimism

    Qantas – Joburg route opens new growth avenues for tourism SMEs

    Boardwalk has created space for informal traders. Sun-Park-Events

    Premier fun complex creates business space for small traders

    In preparation for peak season demand, accommodation providers across the country have scaled up operations.

    Hospitality sector scales up operations for festive season

  • Advertise
  • Resources
    • All
    • Business Tools & Templates
    • Compliance & Legal
    • Funding & Opportunities
    • Thoughts & Sharing tips
    • Township Policy & Government
    Small businesses say access to equipment funding remains one of the biggest barriers to growth.

    SMEs assess reopened asset assist plan as funding gap persists

    Funeral parlours now offer extra packages that include after-tears-parties to attract clients. Photo. Twitter/X

    Funeral parlours add after-tears packages to boost businesses

    When government payments run late, small businesses can really feel the pinch on their cash flow.

    How SMEs can beat violation of 30 day payment policy

    A traditional clothing store in Port elizabeth located at Njoli

    Traditional wear businesses thrive during imigidi season

    A student accommodation in Soshanguve Block H that assists students who are still struggling to get access to school residence

    Township property owners make good business from student rentals

    Quiet trading floors in January are forcing many small businesses to delay new hires until cash flow improves.

    Hiring on hold as slow January trading squeezes cash flow

    Bricklayers and small construction teams operating as micro-enterprises, often without formal registration, access to finance, or long-term contracts.

    Informal builders behind growing home building economy

    Government blacklisting can affect more than contracts, it can shape how banks view your business.

    How government blacklisting can affect your business

    Bank confirmation letters are consistently cited by contracting authorities as a mandatory compliance document for tender submissions

    Why bank confirmation letters are crucial in tendering

No Result
View All Result
Vutivi
  • Business
    Small-scale poultry farmers are set to benefit from a Rainbow Chicken initiative that includes the handing out of 100 chicks to boost their businesses. Photo. Wikipedia

    New initiative hatches growth for small-scale poultry farmers

    The 2025 festive season confirmed that cashless commerce is no longer a trend but a structural feature of the economy. Photo. Standard Bank

    Festive spending shows double digit growth in cashless payments

    Small business traders like hawkers at the Tshakhuma Market in Limpopo are now left to carry the costs of the damages resulting from the floods. Photo. Limpopo Tourism Agency\Facebook

    Informal traders and SMEs carry huge losses after flooding

    Small businesses say access to equipment funding remains one of the biggest barriers to growth.

    SMEs assess reopened asset assist plan as funding gap persists

    Livestock stokvels are taking off as people seek to escape the cost of rising food prices. Photo. Lucas Ledwaba\Mukurukuru Media

    Livestock stokvels emerge amidst rising food prices

    Profit and not size is key for red meat producers

    Washed-out infrastructure in flood-hit provinces restricts access to tourism routes, contributing to cancellations and revenue losses for SMEs. Photo: Internet

    Tourism SMEs seek urgent relief after floods crisis

    Grass cutting and tree trimming are no longer casual weekend jobs - they are now a viable pathway to entrepreneurship, with growing demand driven by urbanisation, institutional contracts, and homeowner expectations. Photo. Garden Services Gauteng

    Grass and tree cutting now a lucrative entrepreneurial pathway

    Sixteen-year-old entrepreneur Bokgoni Nonyane at the graduation of the City of Johannesburg’s Export Development and Capacitation Programme.
Photo: Supplied

    Joburg teen entrepreneur bags export licence to global markets

    Funeral parlours now offer extra packages that include after-tears-parties to attract clients. Photo. Twitter/X

    Funeral parlours add after-tears packages to boost businesses

  • Agriculture
    Small-scale poultry farmers are set to benefit from a Rainbow Chicken initiative that includes the handing out of 100 chicks to boost their businesses. Photo. Wikipedia

    New initiative hatches growth for small-scale poultry farmers

    Milk production drops as the foot-and-mouth outbreak pushes prices higher. Photo: allaboutfeed.net

    Milk and meat prices soar and farmers count costs as FMD spreads

    Livestock stokvels are taking off as people seek to escape the cost of rising food prices. Photo. Lucas Ledwaba\Mukurukuru Media

    Livestock stokvels emerge amidst rising food prices

    Profit and not size is key for red meat producers

    Cattle farmers in affected provinces are holding animals longer as foot-and-mouth disease movement controls continue to restrict market access.

    Foot-and-mouth curbs push small-scale farmers to the brink

    Kenya is leading the charge in promoting biogas technology as a renewable energy source. Photo. Go Green East Africa

    Biogas emerges as opportunity for small scale farmers

    Farmers in Vhembe district of Limpopo are pleading for help after floods destroyed their crops. Facebook

    Farmers plead for help after floods destroy their crops

    Farmers battle rising waters and losses as heavy rains damage fields and livelihoods. Photo: Steffen Schneider

    Flood disaster deepens crisis for small-scale farmers

  • Innovation
    Innovative building technologies (IBTs) are set to transform South Africa’s housing sector while opening new opportunities for SMEs. Photo. Dept of  Human Settlements

    Innovative building technologies to unlock opportunities for SMEs

    Funeral parlours now offer extra packages that include after-tears-parties to attract clients. Photo. Twitter/X

    Funeral parlours add after-tears packages to boost businesses

    A new app helps school leavers find vacancies at varsities and relevant courses. Photo. Wits University

    Innovative entrepreneur’s app helps students access varsity

    Township-based tutoring businesses are emerging as an important and fast-growing support system. Photo. CPD Online College

    Back-to-school rush boosts township tutoring businesses

    DSTI's Director-General Dr Mlungisi Cele and CSIR CEO Dr Thulani Dlamini during the launch of CSIR's Hot Isostatic Press facility. Photo: CSIR

    New CSIR facility opens advanced manufacturing access for SMEs

    A locally developed point-of-care diagnostic test for foot and mouth disease (FMD) is expected to strengthen business continuity in South Africa’s livestock sector. Photo. Stellenbosch University

    Foot and mouth diagnostic innovation offers relief for farmers

    CSIR robotics experts Dr Sunveer Matadin (white shirt) and community health worker and disability consultant Ruth Stubbs with the Buddy4Life cerebral palsy prototype device, 26 November 2025.

    Science research body seeks SME support for new health product

    eNL Mutual Bank is a new entrant in the banking sector.

    Women owned mutual bank enters banking sector

    Import dependent SMEs hope RMB payments will reduce delays and exchange rate losses.

    RMB payments set to improve import trade for SMEs

    South Africa’s tourism sector is positioning itself for a more tech-driven future following the launch of a Smart Tourism Visitor Information Centre (VIC) at OR Tambo International Airport.

    ORT airport digital centre gives SMEs exposure

  • Finance
    The 2025 festive season confirmed that cashless commerce is no longer a trend but a structural feature of the economy. Photo. Standard Bank

    Festive spending shows double digit growth in cashless payments

    Zelma Matinise is the sixth woman to become a Sorbet franchise owner through the Bidvest Bank Sorbet-Preneur iniative.

Photo: Supplied

    Sorbet-Preneur model unlocking SME ownership for women

    Cattle farmers in affected provinces are holding animals longer as foot-and-mouth disease movement controls continue to restrict market access.

    Foot-and-mouth curbs push small-scale farmers to the brink

    A student accommodation in Soshanguve Block H that assists students who are still struggling to get access to school residence

    Township property owners make good business from student rentals

    South African Reserve Bank Governor Lesetja Kganyago stated that the new 3% inflation target has enabled the country to enter a low-inflation environment.

    South Africa’s 3% inflation target could offer stability for SMEs

    Experts advise SMEs to keep a clean financial record to secure loans. Photo. Banking Association of SA

    Experts warn SMEs about lack of understanding of bank fees

    Santam’s London launch marks significant shift for SA’s insurer

    Small businesses anticipate steady economic gains in 2026

    Rising tax pressure puts SMEs under strain ahead of 2026 budget

    eNL Mutual Bank is a new entrant in the banking sector.

    Women owned mutual bank enters banking sector

  • Tourism
    Washed-out infrastructure in flood-hit provinces restricts access to tourism routes, contributing to cancellations and revenue losses for SMEs. Photo: Internet

    Tourism SMEs seek urgent relief after floods crisis

    Hotel 247 meets European buyers. Hotel 247 director Khosi Mthalane said the programme is offering rare exposure to international buyers and strengthening confidence among participating SMEs.

    Tourism roadshow opens European market for local operators.

    A German couple hosted by Shepherd Tourism Tours in Bloemfontein on the 10th of January 2026, showcasing the Free State as a province to go to, not a province to go through.

    Tourism SMEs seek to beat off season blues

    Sandton Convention Centre stands ready to host Meetings Africa 2026, positioning Johannesburg at the centre of Africa’s business events dialogue.

    Africa’s tourism sector calls for impact at Meetings Africa

    Township taverns are seeing a drop in match-day crowds. Photo: issuu.com

    Entertainment SMEs running on empty after Bafana’s Afcon exit

    Tourism entrepreneurs close 2025 with cautious optimism

    Qantas – Joburg route opens new growth avenues for tourism SMEs

    Boardwalk has created space for informal traders. Sun-Park-Events

    Premier fun complex creates business space for small traders

    In preparation for peak season demand, accommodation providers across the country have scaled up operations.

    Hospitality sector scales up operations for festive season

  • Advertise
  • Resources
    • All
    • Business Tools & Templates
    • Compliance & Legal
    • Funding & Opportunities
    • Thoughts & Sharing tips
    • Township Policy & Government
    Small businesses say access to equipment funding remains one of the biggest barriers to growth.

    SMEs assess reopened asset assist plan as funding gap persists

    Funeral parlours now offer extra packages that include after-tears-parties to attract clients. Photo. Twitter/X

    Funeral parlours add after-tears packages to boost businesses

    When government payments run late, small businesses can really feel the pinch on their cash flow.

    How SMEs can beat violation of 30 day payment policy

    A traditional clothing store in Port elizabeth located at Njoli

    Traditional wear businesses thrive during imigidi season

    A student accommodation in Soshanguve Block H that assists students who are still struggling to get access to school residence

    Township property owners make good business from student rentals

    Quiet trading floors in January are forcing many small businesses to delay new hires until cash flow improves.

    Hiring on hold as slow January trading squeezes cash flow

    Bricklayers and small construction teams operating as micro-enterprises, often without formal registration, access to finance, or long-term contracts.

    Informal builders behind growing home building economy

    Government blacklisting can affect more than contracts, it can shape how banks view your business.

    How government blacklisting can affect your business

    Bank confirmation letters are consistently cited by contracting authorities as a mandatory compliance document for tender submissions

    Why bank confirmation letters are crucial in tendering

No Result
View All Result
Vutivi
No Result
View All Result

How SMEs can use pop-up events and local markets to grow brands

by Emily Mgidi
December 17, 2025
in Business, Business Tools & Templates, Resources, Thoughts & Sharing tips, Top story
Reading Time: 4 mins read
A A
Gauteng SMEs are cashing in on local pop-up events and markets, connecting with customers, and driving sales.

Gauteng SMEs are cashing in on local pop-up events and markets, connecting with customers, and driving sales.

SMEs in Gauteng are increasing their visibility and generating further revenues through the concept of “pop-up markets” that have been established in the surrounding locality.

This concept has turned out to be an efficient tool for entrepreneurs looking to launch a new product or brand without any further expense, which might be incurred post-establishment of an actual store. The pop-up market environment allows for customers to seek out different and locally made offerings and thus will present a much more receptive environment to the business owner.

Relatedstories

Social media tools give township tourism a boost

Meet the AI tools changing the game for SMEs

Retail analysts have indicated that it is less costly to acquire customers for pop-up events for the offline model compared to several online models and allows for a connection to be established that is unachievable through online purchases.

Retail expert and CEO of World Wide Worx, Arthur Goldstuck, said online shopping in South Africa has stopped being a luxury and instead turned out to be an important add-on strategy for small businesses and their pop-up shopping or marketing events.

He also said by combining digital presence with local markets, SMEs can reach more customers and grow faster during the festive season.

“Pop-ups enable small businesses to immediately tap into pedestrian traffic and get immediate feedback,” states retail expert Sharon Cloete.

“It gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to find out what works and improve the product and to interact with consumers in person, which is a key factor, particularly in the case of new brands,” she added.

In Gauteng, a number of online platforms like Popping are helping vendors get space at prominent sites, such as holiday pop-up events at Northgate Shopping Centre and the EastPoint Popping District.

These organised markets are facilitating vendors by providing a framework, promotion, and access to pre-spent consumers ready to spend money during the holiday period.

Seasonal offerings like The Grand Pop-Up: Christmas is in the air, taking place at Linksfield North in Johannesburg, further illustrate the appeal of pop-ups. This type of grand pop-up combines the offerings of artisans, designers, and makers during the holiday seasons, which tend to attract Christmas shoppers naturally.

One such example in Gauteng in terms of pop-up events is Sisters SHOP-UP Market, founded by sisters-in-law Rentia Austin and Mandy Morrow. Sisters SHOP-UP Market was started with a specific mission in mind, which is to provide an upscale yet affordable platform for mainly female-owned labels.

It has been held at places such as the popular Prison Break Market in Glenferness. Austin wanted to create an establishment where small businesses feel supported and inspired shoppers.

“Converging a well-curated set of brands not only highlights up-and-coming entrepreneurs but also forges a true sense of community,” she elaborated.

The small businesses who participate in the Sisters SHOP-UP Market have observed increased sales and leads, all of which come from outside of their existing circles. This can all be attributed to the marketing that the market does on a weekly basis.“For us, it is most satisfying to see consumers connect personally with the stories of each brand,” she said, explaining how such conversations tend to turn consumers into repeat patrons long after a market is over.

The organisers are sustaining this enthusiasm through quarterly market events where quality discovery and engagement are at the forefront.

Tips for SMEs who wish to integrate with Pop-Up

  • Plan ahead with a checklist: As per local event organisers, using a pop-up planning checklist is essential for businesses to plan logistics, inventory, human resources, and marketing functions before the event even happens.
  • Share your story well: Retail industry insiders indicate that having solid brand marketing tools such as signs, packaging, and business cards works towards making consumers understand and remember the brand after the event has passed. Check out Shopify for branding tools
  • Encourage early and persistent: Organisers highlight the importance of the announcement of participation through social networks and community groups, in line with the event promotion.
  • Direct interaction with consumers: Personal interaction is one of the greatest benefits of pop-ups. It is recommended by experts that one ask for feedback and also give samples if possible.
  • Monitoring and Measuring Progress/Objectives: After the event, analysing sales data, engagements, and leads can help businesses determine what was effective and where improvements need to be made.

Emily@vutivibusiness.co.za

Tags: BrandAwarenessCustomerEngagementFestiveSeasonGautengSMEsLocalMarketsOnlineRetailPhysicalRetailPopUpEventsPopUpMarketsRetailStrategySmallBusinessGrowth
ShareShareTweetSendSend
Previous Post

Hospitality sector scales up operations for festive season

Next Post

Women owned mutual bank enters banking sector

Emily Mgidi

Emily Mgidi

Emily Mgidi is a multimedia journalist who's been in the media industry for nine years. Previously a journalist at Daily Sun and Scrolla Africa, she's passionate about hard news stories because she's seen how journalism has given a voice to the voiceless. She's an all rounder, has done entertainment stories, lifestyle news, politics, Investigative stories and court stories.

More business news that you might like

Small-scale poultry farmers are set to benefit from a Rainbow Chicken initiative that includes the handing out of 100 chicks to boost their businesses. Photo. Wikipedia

New initiative hatches growth for small-scale poultry farmers

February 4, 2026
The 2025 festive season confirmed that cashless commerce is no longer a trend but a structural feature of the economy. Photo. Standard Bank

Festive spending shows double digit growth in cashless payments

February 3, 2026
Milk production drops as the foot-and-mouth outbreak pushes prices higher. Photo: allaboutfeed.net

Milk and meat prices soar and farmers count costs as FMD spreads

February 2, 2026

Latest entrepreneurship news

Innovative building technologies (IBTs) are set to transform South Africa’s housing sector while opening new opportunities for SMEs. Photo. Dept of  Human Settlements

Innovative building technologies to unlock opportunities for SMEs

February 4, 2026
Small business traders like hawkers at the Tshakhuma Market in Limpopo are now left to carry the costs of the damages resulting from the floods. Photo. Limpopo Tourism Agency\Facebook

Informal traders and SMEs carry huge losses after flooding

February 3, 2026
Small businesses say access to equipment funding remains one of the biggest barriers to growth.

SMEs assess reopened asset assist plan as funding gap persists

January 29, 2026
Livestock stokvels are taking off as people seek to escape the cost of rising food prices. Photo. Lucas Ledwaba\Mukurukuru Media

Livestock stokvels emerge amidst rising food prices

January 30, 2026

Vutivi is a digital business news platform that will serve the Small Medium Micro Enterprises in the form of writing stories that will be informative about their sector. We pledge to deliver a commercially sustainable, world-class digital financial and business news service that is a must-read while being responsive to readership needs and tailor-making packages for SMMEs.

Categories

  • Agriculture
  • Analysis
  • Business
  • Business Tools & Templates
  • Compliance & Legal
  • Finance
  • Funding & Opportunities
  • Government Business
  • Innovation
  • Profile
  • Resources
  • Thoughts & Sharing tips
  • Top story
  • Tourism
  • Township Policy & Government

Get in Touch

Email

news@vutivibusiness.co.za

© 2026 Vutivi // Website by Area of Effect.

Advertise / Privacy Policy / Contact

No Result
View All Result
  • Business
  • Agriculture
  • Innovation
  • Finance
  • Tourism
  • Advertise
  • Resources

© 2026 Vutivi // Website by Area of Effect.